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AbstractTemporary migration programmes have re‐emerged as a preferred mechanism for regulating labour migration in many migrant‐receiving countries in the past decade. In this paper, I consider the role of shifting Canadian immigration policies, notably the expanded streams for temporary workers, in the changing flow of migrants from Trinidad to Canada. Temporary programmes can bring workers to Canada relatively quickly, but they limit access to permanent residency and citizenship, in sharp contrast to most of Canada's earlier immigration policies. Ethnographic fieldwork reveals that Trinidadians actively seeking to make the move to Canada have little interest in new temporary work programmes. Rather, they continue to plan futures in Canada that they expect to be years in the making. I consider some reasons for this apparent refusal to submit to the new migration realities. I show that present‐day Trinidadian emigrant desires and practices are deeply connected to individual, familial and national emigration and immigration histories. Trinidadians are declining to participate in new immigration regimes and are restricting their migration practices to those forms that are historically familiar and have been proven successful. I attempt to show how ethnographic approaches that take seriously migrants' agency can assist in developing a fuller understanding of the ways in which migration flows are changing. These approaches reveal what are otherwise the silences and invisibility surrounding those whose previous access to permanent migration streams has been diminished through neoliberal restructuring of migration policy. I argue that temporary worker policies disregard long‐standing histories of migration and engagement with capitalist processes for people in particular regions of the world, rendering them, for policy purposes, effectively "people without history" (Wolf, 1982).

This paper draws on a case study of Hamilton steelwork families to examine how the neo-conservative agenda is incorporated and resisted in a specific, historically constituted locality. Here the local conditions of capital led to strong labour movement and relatively good pay permitting the emergence of the breadwinner family. It is argued that these factors affect the ways in which new right ideology and feminism are apprehended and incorporated into local culture.

Cette communication est consacrée à l'analyse de la relation entre le régime de travail «souple» et la construction culturelle du travail. Selon l'auteure, on a toujours reconnue que la souplesse était une caractéristique du capitalisme, sans pour autant reconnaǐtre que le phénomène comporte une différenciation sexuelle. Le régime de travail souple existe depuis longtemps dans l'industrie du větement, où elle prend les formes de la sous‐traitance et du travail à domicile. En plus de rendre compte d'une étude de cas ethnographique de ces formes dans l'industrie du větement en Ontario qui montre comment la flexibilité est introduite et vécue empiriquement, l'auteure soulève plusieurs questions qui méritent d'ětre étudiées plus à fond.This paper explores the connection between labour 'flexibility' and the cultural construction of work. It argues that while flexibility has always been a feature of capitalism, the gendered nature of that flexibility has been overlooked both historically and in contemporary discourse. The clothing industry has a long history of utilizing a flexible workforce through subcontracting and homework. Using an ethnographic case study of these forms of work in the clothing industry in Ontario, this paper demonstrates how flexibility is implemented and experienced empirically, and raises some questions for further consideration.

Leach and Pini bring together empirical and theoretical studies that consider the intersections of class, gender and rurality. Each chapter engages with current debates on these concepts to explore them in the context of contemporary social and economic transformations in which global processes that reconstitute gender and class interconnect with and take shape in a particular form of locality - the rural. The book is innovative in that it: - responds to calls for more critical work on the rural 'other' - contributes to scholarship on gender and rurality, but does so through the lens of class. This book places the question of gender, rurality and difference at its centre through its focus on class - addresses the urban bias of much class scholarship as well as the lack of gender analysis in much rural and class academic work - focuses on the ways that class mediates the construction and practices of rural men/masculinities and rural women/femininities - challenges prevalent (and divergent) assumptions with chapters utilising contemporary theorisations of class With the empirical strongly grounded in theory, this book will appeal to scholars working in the fields of gender, rurality, identity, and class studies

Leach and Pini bring together empirical and theoretical studies that consider the intersections of class, gender and rurality. Each chapter engages with current debates on these concepts to explore them in the context of contemporary social and economic transformations. This book will appeal to scholars working in the fields of gender, rurality, identity, and class studies.

Intro -- Culture, Economy, Power -- Contents -- 1. Introduction by Winnie Lem and Belinda Leach -- PART 1: Nations and Knowledge -- 2. Bicentrism, Culture, and the Political Economy of Sociocultural Anthropology in English Canada by Thomas Dunk -- 3. The Political Economy of Political Economy in Spanish Anthropology by Susana Narotzky -- 4. Anthropological Debates and the Crisis of Mexican Nationalism by Guillermo de la Peña -- 5. Political Economy in the United States by William Roseberry -- 6. "A Small Discipline": The Embattled Place of Anthropology in a Massified British Higher Education Sector by John Gledhill -- PART 2: States and Subjects -- 7. Sentiment and Structure: Nation and State by Dipankar Gupta -- 8. Communists Communists Everywhere!: Forgetting the Past and Living with History in Ecuador by Steve Striffler -- 9. "We Were the Strongest Ones Here": Transformed Livelihoods in Contemporary Spain by Claudia Vicencio -- 10. The Italian Post-Communist Left and Unemployment: Finding a New Position on Labor by Michael Blim -- 11. The Language of Contention in Liberal Ecuador by A. Kim Clark -- PART 3: Hegemonies and Histories -- 12. The Decline of Patriarchy? The Political Economy of Patriarchy: Maquiladoras in Yucatan, Mexico by Marie France Labrecque -- 13. Remembering "The Ancient Ones": Memory, Hegemony, and the Shadows of State Terror in the Argentinean Chaco by Gastón Gordillo -- 14. Class, Discipline, and the Politics of Opposition in Ontario by Belinda Leach -- 15. Militant Particularism and Cultural Struggles as Cape Breton Burns Again by Pauline Gardiner Barber -- 16. Acquiescence and Quiescence Gender and Politics in Rural Languedoc by Winnie Lem -- 17. Red Flags and Lace Coiffes Identity, Livelihood, and the Politics of Survival in the Bigoudennie, France by Charles R. Menzies.

Cette étude de cas sur des travailleurs licenciés dans un comté rural de l'Ontario s'inscrit dans le cadre de la controverse au sujet des effete, sur les travailleurs et la société, de la libéralisation du commerce et de la restructuration économique. En nous fondant sur l'expérience des travailleurs licenciés, la durée du chômage, la comparaison entre les anciens et les nouveaux emplois ainsi que sur la baisse des revenus, nous fournissons des données empiriques sur le genre de transformation qui s'opère dans une communauté rurale. Nous affirmons que, pour ce type de communauté du moins, les effets à long terme de la restructuration sont négatifs pour les travailleurs et la communautéà laquelle ils appartiennent, et, en particulier, pour les femmes et les travailleurs plus âgés.A case study of laid‐off workers in a rural Ontario county is placed within the polarized debate over the implications for workers and for society more broadly of trade liberalization and economic restructuring. Examining experiences of layoff, including length of time unemployed, comparisons between old and new jobs, and the degree of income loss, we present empirical data on the transformation taking place in a rural community context. We argue that, for such communities at least, the long‐term effects of restructuring are negative for workers and their communities overall, and are particularly disadvantageous for women and older workers.